software:linux:ubuntu
Table of Contents
Ubuntu
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fsck root when ubuntu will not boot
2023-12-10
hold space bar to get to Grub menu select recovery fsck /dev/mount/ubuntu--vs-root Note: do not use -p
fsck the file system
2023-12-10
In older versions of Ubuntu, fsck used to work from the Recovery Mode. However, later versions of Ubuntu leave the primary HDD/SSD mounted, so fsck no longer works.
Let's check/repair your filesystem... boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T type sudo fdisk -l identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem" type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier repeat the fsck command if there were errors type reboot
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1359037/how-to-run-fsck-on-the-root-partion-from-the-grub-menu
xRDP for remote access to Ubuntu
2023-12-08
Step 1 — Installing a Desktop Environment on Ubuntu
In this step, you will install and configure a desktop environment on your Ubuntu server. By default, an Ubuntu server comes with a terminal environment only. A desktop environment will need to be installed to access a user interface.
2020-07-27
JUL 2014 2019
How to use xRDP for remote access to Ubuntu 14.04
• Linux
310
To remotely control my Windows machines, I always prefer to use RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) as it performs much nicer than VNC (Virtual Network Computing). VNC has this streak of “JPEG” quality and slow behavior, whereas RDP is fast and crystal clear. RDP is however a proprietary protocol from Microsoft. So how can we use RDP to control our Ubuntu box remotely? This is where xRDP comes in play, an open source remote desktop protocol (RDP) server. It actually runs VNC protocol over RDP as far as I understand, yet if behaves much better than VNC by itself (possibly because of the used desktop manager). Since Ubuntu 12.10 (if I’m not mistaken), xRDP doesn’t seem to work with the Ubuntu desktop anymore … unless you use an alternative desktop manager. This seems related to 3D acceleration and nobody seems to care (since 2011, according to bug reports). Note : if you really need Copy/Paste functionality between the two machines, then please use Ubuntu’s default installed “Desktop Sharing” instead (MacOS X users read this forum post).
From < https://www.tweaking4all.com/software/linux-software/use-xrdp-remote-access-ubuntu-14-04/>
Software Source Listing
2020-07-23
/etc/apt/sources.list.d /etc/apt/sources.list
Youtube is not working
From: http://askubuntu.com/questions/331769/youtube-is-not-working
You have to install ubuntu-restricted-extras, not just download them (except if with the "i have downloaded the ubuntu restricted extras" you meant that you installed too). From terminal (CTRL+ALT+T) run sudo apt-get install -y ubuntu-restricted-extras stay there until installation completes, when it asks you for the MS fonts EULA, hit ENTER(key) to confirm. – NikTh Aug 12 '13 at 19:00
From: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2176815
Basically, since Firefox 24 you no longer need flash in Linux to watch Youtube. However, not many people have realised that yet. There has been very little publicity about this major positive change.
From: http://www.ghacks.net/2013/06/23/firefox-24-for-linux-gets-native-mp3-aac-and-h-264-support/
ss - Socket command
2020-11-10
USAGE EXAMPLES
ss -t -a
Display all TCP sockets.
ss -t -a -Z
Display all TCP sockets with process SELinux security contexts.
ss -u -a
Display all UDP sockets.
ss -o state established '( dport = :ssh or sport = :ssh )'
Display all established ssh connections.
ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
Find all local processes connected to X server.
ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24
List all the tcp sockets in state FIN-WAIT-1 for our apache to network 193.233.7/24
and look at their timers.
ss -a -A 'all,!tcp'
List sockets in all states from all socket tables but TCP.
From: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man8/ss.8.html#usage%20examples
Ubuntu Server Guide
From: https://help.ubuntu.com/14.04/serverguide/serverguide.pdf
Here you can find information on how to install and configure various server applications. It is a step-by-step, task-oriented guide for configuring and customizing your system
Tilix is an advanced GTK3 tiling
From: https://gnunn1.github.io/tilix-web/
Terminals can be re-arranged using drag and drop both within and between windows.
Tilda – The Yakuake terminal equivalent for Gnome
From: http://www.opensourcetutor.com/2007/06/11/tilda-the-yakuake-terminal-equivalent-for-gnome/
I have previously written about Tilda, a gnome replacement for Yakuake. I had some issues with Tilda so I came to have a nice relationship with Yakauke. It’s important to note though, that there is another reasonable alternative to both Tilda and Yakuake and it’s called Guake.
window manager and terminal multiplexer
yakuake
From: https://www.kde.org/applications/system/yakuake/
Also: http://www.opensourcetutor.com/2007/06/11/tilda-the-yakuake-terminal-equivalent-for-gnome/
Also: https://www.slant.co/versus/2442/2449/~gnome-terminal_vs_yakuake
Yakuake is a drop-down terminal emulator based on KDE Konsole technology. I haven’t tried Guake in approx. 2 years but back then it couldn’t do certain things that Yakuake can do easily. Yakuake can expand / shrink the terminal by 10% increments using alt+shift+ left / right / up / down. Full screen Ctrl + shift + F11. Move a terminal left/right = Ctrl + Shift + left/right. Split a terminal horizontally / vertically. Apart from being a Gnome app, what makes Guake better than Yakuake from your perspective? Shift+Up arrow = new tab vs Ctrl+shift+T in Tilda Shift+Down arrow = close tab vs Right-click -> Close tab Shift+Left arrow = Scroll to the next tab to the left vs no equivalent in Tilda Shift+Right arrow = Scroll to the next tab to the right vs no equivalent in Tilda Ctrl+Shift+W – Close Window Ctrl+Shift+Page Up – Go to the next tab to the right Ctrl+Shift+Page Down – Go to the next tab to the left.
Pimp up your Terminal with Guake and Yakuake
From: https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/guake-yakuake.html
Working with the command line, especially on modern desktops, usually requires using the mouse cursor to locate the terminal icon shortcut or find it buried in one of the menus, losing focus and wasting time. Guake and Yakuake, following the Quake-like behavior, are smarter. You can have the terminal without moving your "crosshairs off the target." Just like the gamers can't afford to move their mouse about looking for a menu.
software updater failing with the message "failed to download repository information".
Recently I've run into problems with software updater failing with the message "failed to download repository information". Go to the System Settings and open the Software and Updates then go to the Authentication tab. You should see some keys in there like the ones in this screenshot, if not hit the "Reset Defaults" button:
Stellarium
LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 stellarium
LibGL environment variables LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE - if set, always use software rendering
RestrictedFormats/Flash
From: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/Flash
Ubuntu cannot include Flash automatically. Nevertheless, it is easy to easy to install Flash Player by yourself through the Ubuntu Software Center. You could also try one of several free alternatives.
Ubuntu Default Software
From: http://ninite.com/linux/lifehacker12
From: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/04/must-have-apps-for-a-new-ubuntu-install
From: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/12/top-10-ubuntu-apps-of-2012
From: http://developer.ubuntu.com/2013/04/top-10-ubuntu-app-downloads-for-march/
From: http://www.unixmen.com/top-things-installing-ubuntu-13-10/
History of Commands for reload Script
1 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop
2 gnome-tweak-tool
4 gksu nautilus
5 sudo a2enmod rewrite
6 systemctl restart apache2
8 mysql -u root -p
9 composer create-project drupal-composer/drupal-project:8.x-dev /var/www/html/ --stability dev --no-interaction
11 sudo mv /var/www/html/* /home/a/Downloads
12 composer create-project drupal-composer/drupal-project:8.x-dev /var/www/html/ --stability dev --no-interaction
13 sudo composer create-project drupal-composer/drupal-project:8.x-dev /var/www/html/ --stability dev --no-interaction
15 sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/php.conf
17 sudo a2ensite php
18 sudo systemctl reload apache2
19 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/web
20 cd /var/www/html
22 mkdir config
23 sudo mkdir config
24 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data config
25 mysql -u root -p
26 mysql -u linuxdb -p
39 sudo apt-get install wordpress
40 sudo apt-get update
41 wget -c https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
42 sudo rsync -av wordpress/* /var/www/html
43 tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz
44 sudo rsync -av wordpress/* /var/www/html
45 sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
46 sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html
48 sudo mysql -u root -p
50 sudo mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
53 cd /var/www/html
54 sudo mv wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
55 sudo nano /var/www/html/wp-config.php
56 sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
57 sudo systemctl restart mysql.service
58 sudo mysql -u root -p
59 sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
61 sudo nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf
62 sudo netstat -a
63 sudo netstat -plnt
67 sudo apt-get install vsftpd
68 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
69 sudo service vsftpd restart
73 /usr/sbin/nologin
74 sudo nano /etc/shells
75 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
76 sudo nano /etc/php7/apache2/php.ini
77 sudo nano /etc/php7.0/apache2/php.ini
78 sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php
79 sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini
80 sudo service apache2 restart
81 nano vsftpd.conf
82 nano /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
83 nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
84 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
85 sudo service vsftpd restart
86 sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
87 sudo nano /var/log/nginx
88 iptables -L
89 sudo iptables -L
90 state NEW tcp dpt:1131
91 sudo iptables -I INPUT 4 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 1131 -j ACCEPT
92 sudo /etc/init.d/iptables
93 sudo nano /etc/init.d/iptables
94 sudo nano /etc/sysconfig/iptables
95 sudo iptables -I INPUT 4 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 1131 -j ACCEPT
96 sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1131 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
97 sudo ufw status
98 sudo iptables -L
99 sudo iptables -A INPUT -p http --dport 1131 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
100 sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
101 sudo iptables -L
102 sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 1131 -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT.
103 sudo ls /etc/wordpress
104 sudo ln -s /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php /etc/wordpress/config-default.php
107 mysql -u root -p
108 mysql -u linuxdb -p
109 history | grep sys
110 systemctl restart mysql
112 mysql -u root -p
117 sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
118 systemctl restart apache2
120 sudo chmod a+w /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
121 sudo nano /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
122 sudo chmod a-w /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
123 systemctl restart apache2
124 sudo chmod a+w /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
125 sudo nano /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
126 sudo chmod a-w /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
127 sudo chmod a+w /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
128 sudo chmod go-w /var/www/html/web/sites/default/settings.php
129 sudo chmod go-w /var/www/html/web/sites/default
130 sudo chmod a+w /var/www/html/web/sites/default
131 sudo chmod go-w /var/www/html/web/sites/default
133 ip address
135 sudo apt-get install openssh-server
136 sudo service ssh restart
138 sudo a2ensite wordpress
139 sudo systemctl reload apache2
140 sudo nano /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php
141 sudo systemctl reload apache2
142 sudo nano /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php
143 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
144 sudo systemctl reload apache2
145 tcpcapture
146 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
147 sudo systemctl reload apache2
148 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
149 sudo systemctl reload apache2
150 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
151 sudo nano /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php
152 sudo nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf
153 sudo systemctl reload apache2
154 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
155 sudo systemctl reload apache2
156 sudo nano /usr/share/wordpress/wp-config.php
157 sudo nano /etc/wordpress/config-localhost.php
158 sudo systemctl reload apache2
159 sudo nano /etc/wordpress/config-3.3.3.3.php
160 sudo systemctl reload apache2
161 mysql -u 'a'@'3.3.3.3'root -p
162 mysql -u 'a'@'3.3.3.3' -p
163 mysql -u a@3.3.3.3 -p
164 sudo nano /etc/wordpress/config-3.3.3.3.php
165 sudo nano /usr/share/wordpress/wp-config.php
166 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
167 sudo systemctl reload apache2
168 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
169 sudo systemctl reload apache2
170 sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
171 sudo systemctl reload apache2
173 sudo apachectl configtest
174 sudo apt-get install wordpress
175 sudo apt-get install wordpress --reinstall
176 sudo a2ensite wordpress
177 sudo apachectl configtest
178 sudo systemctl reload apache2
179 gksu nautilus
180 sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache.conf
181 sudo netstat -a
182 sudo netstat -plnt
184 sudo ls /usr/wordpress
186 sudo ufw status
189 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
190 sudo netstat -plnt
191 sudo nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf
192 sudo netstat -plnt
193 sudo systemctl apache2 restart
196 sudo netstat -plnt
199 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
200 sudo netstat -plnt
202 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
203 sudo service vsftpd restart
204 sudo netstat -plnt
206 sudo apt-get update
207 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
208 sudo service vsftpd restart
209 sudo netstat -plnt
210 sudo ufw status
216 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
217 ftp -p localhost
218 sudo netstat -a
219 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
220 sudo service vsftpd restart
221 sudo netstat -plnt
225 sudo nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf
226 sudo netstat -plnt
229 sudo systemctl restart apache2
230 sudo netstat -plnt
231 service start vsftpd
232 service vsftpd start
233 sudo netstat -plnt
234 sudo apt-get purge vsftpd
235 audo apt-get update
236 sudo apt-get update
237 sudo apt-get install vsftpd
238 sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.orig
239 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
243 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
244 sudo service vsftpd restart
246 sudo netstat -plnt
247 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
248 sudo service vsftpd restart
249 sudo netstat -plnt
250 sudo ufw status
251 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
252 sudo service vsftpd restart
253 sudo netstat -plnt
254 systemctl status vsftpd
255 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
256 echo "a" | sudo tee -a /etc/vsftpd.userlist
257 sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
258 sudo netstat -plnt
260 sudo apt-get install nmap
261 ftp localhost
262 sudo nmap -PN 3.3.3.3
263 sudo nmap 3.3.3.3
264 sudo nmap 3.3.3.3
265 nslookup google.com
268 sudo systemctl reload apache2
269 a2enmod rewrite
270 sudo systemctl reload apache2
271 sudo ufc status
272 sudo ucf status
273 sudo ufw status
274 sudo systemctl reload apache2
275 sudo nano /var/www/html/index.php
276 sudo chmod a+w /var/www/html/index.php
277 sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/index.php
278 sudo systemctl reload apache2
279 sudo nano /var/www/html/index.html
280 su
282 sudo apt-get install searchmonkey
283 gksu searchmonkey
284 sudo apt-get upgrade
285 su
287 sudo systemctl
288 sudo systemctl |grep ftp
291 netstat | grep 2
292 telnet localhost Y
293 sudo restart vsftp
294 sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
295 sudo systemctl status vsfpd
296 sudo systemctl status vsftpd
297 telnet localhost Y
298 netstat | grep 2
299 telnet localhost 1132
300 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
301 sudo systemctl status vsftpd
302 sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
303 telnet localhost 1132
304 netstat | grep 1132
306 netstat | grep 1132
307 sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
308 sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
309 netstat | grep 1132
310 netstat | inet
311 netstat | grep init
312 netstat | grep inet
313 telnet localhost 1132
316 netstat -a | grep ftp
317 netstat -a
318 netstat -l
319 systemctl list-unit-files
322 systemctl restart vsftpd
323 systemctl status vsftpd
324 netstat -a | grep 1132
325 systemctl restart vsftpd
326 systemctl status vsftpd
327 netstat -a | grep 1132
330 systemctl restart vsftpd
331 systemctl status vsftpd
332 netstat -a
347 systemctl status vsftpd
348 telnet localhost 1132
349 systemctl restart vsftpd
350 systemctl status vsftpd
351 telnet localhost 1132
352 sudo adduser a www-data
353 systemctl restart vsftpd
354 systemctl status vsftpd
355 cat vsftpd.service
356 systemctl cat vsftpd.service
358 cd Downloads
364 sudo apt install graphviz
366 systemd-analyze dot --order | dot -Tsvg > systemd-user.svg
367 systemctl restart vsftpd
368 systemctl daemon-reload vsftpd
369 systemctl daemon-reload
370 systemctl restart vsftpd
371 systemctl restart vsftpd_internal_#2
372 systemctl status vsftpd
373 systemctl status vsftpd_internal_#2
377 sudo ls /usr/share/wordpress
378 sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /usr/share/wordpress
Possible setup of new Ubuntu system
From: http://blog.wittchen.biz.pl/category/linux/ubuntu/
#!/bin/bash echo "downloading and installing useful software..." echo "installing zsh" sudo apt-get install zsh echo "installing oh-my-zsh" sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)" echo "installing Git" sudo apt-get install git echo "Installing Java 7 and Java 8" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java -y sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer echo "Setting Java 8 as default JVM" sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default echo "installing font fix for Open JDK" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:no1wantdthisname/openjdk-fontfix sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk echo "installing Gradle" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cwchien/gradle sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install gradle echo "Installing jayatana - HUD support for Swing applications" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danjaredg/jayatana sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install jayatana echo "installing Node.js" sudo apt-get install nodejs echo "installing Npm for Node.js" sudo apt-get install npm echo "installing Php 5" sudo apt-get install php5 echo "installing Go" sudo apt-get install golang echo "installing R" sudo apt-get install r-base echo "installing Pip for Python" sudo apt-get install python-pip echo "installing Chrome" sudo apt-get install libxss1 libappindicator1 libindicator7 wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb sudo rm google-chrome*.deb # removing installer package echo "installing Mutate" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mutate/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mutate echo "installing Skype" sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner" sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install skype echo "installing Spotify" sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com/ stable non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list' sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 94558F59 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install spotify-client echo "installing Transmission (torrent client)" sudo apt-get install transmission echo "installing Gthumb - images browser and editor" sudo apt-get install gthumb echo "installing Pinta - image editor" sudo apt-get install pinta echo "installing VLC" sudo apt-get install vlc browser-plugin-vlc echo "installing Furious ISO Mount" sudo apt-get install furiusisomount echo "installing drivers for Logitech H760 Wireless Headset" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y # installing indicators - begin echo "installing mutliload indicator" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload echo "installing sensors indicator" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexmurray/indicator-sensors sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install indicator-sensors echo "installing my weather indicator" sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install my-weather-indicator # installing indicators - end # system optimization - begin echo "removing unwanted lenses from dashboard" sudo apt-get autoremove unity-lens-music unity-lens-photos unity-lens-gwibber unity-lens-shopping unity-lens-video echo "installing Compiz Config Settings Manager" sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager echo "remember to do the following things after installation of Compiz Config Settings Manager" echo "1. Disable Animations and Fading windows" echo "2. Set the Texture Filter to 'Fast'" echo "installing Preload" sudo apt-get install preload # system optimization - end echo "installing Dropbox" # should be done in the and, because we download stuff to ~ cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86_64" | tar xzf - #sudo apt-get install libappindicator1 # was installed earlier sudo apt-get install nautilus-dropbox
software/linux/ubuntu.txt · Last modified: 2023/12/11 01:33 by superwizard