From: http://www.pcworld.com/article/3113464/windows/top-10-free-troubleshooting-tools-for-windows-10.html#slide5

Process monitor - sysinternals
autoruns - sysinternals

From: http://winaero.com/blog/the-full-list-of-shell-commands-in-windows-8/

Earlier, we have covered the most comprehensive list of shell locations by their Class ID which 
you can use to create a shortcut to the specific shell location for quick access. Today I am going 
to share the list of shell commands using their friendly name. Although these are implemented by 
the same ActiveX objects, you will notice that not every shell location with a CLSID has a user 
friendly alias. For example, 'Devices and Printers', the one with the 
shell:::{A8A91A66-3A7D-4424-8D24-04E180695C7A} CLSID has no friendly-name equivalent.

From: http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-files/i-have-windows-7-and-cannot-locate-the-send-to/652b4c8a-e743-46c4-a554-c1c8b334ee35

shell:sendto
Users\yourusername \AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo

From: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/diagnosing-memory-problems-on-your-computer

Open Memory Diagnostics Tool by clicking the Start button Picture of the Start button, and then 
clicking Control Panel. In the search box, type Memory, and then click Diagnose your computer's 
memory problems.‌  Administrator permission required If you're prompted for an administrator 
password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

Click Start, type mdsched.exe in the Search box, and then press Enter.

From: http://www.robvanderwoude.com/powershellstart.php

Security:
If you want to create and run your own PowerShell scripts, you need to digitally sign your 
scripts.
To create your own so called "self-signed" certificate you'll need makecert.exe that comes 
with the .NET Framework 2.0 SDK.
To learn more about signing your scripts, start a PowerShell shell, type get-Help about_signing 
and read this text carefully.
Then type get-Help Set-AuthenticodeSignature -detailed and read this text just as carefully.
In PowerShell Plus creating a "self-signed" certificate takes only a couple of mouse clicks.

From: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490717.aspx

To connect the user identifier Dan as if the connection were made from the Accounts domain, type:
net use d:\\server\share /user:Accounts\Dan 

From: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh875624.aspx

Diskpart

DiskPart commands help you to manage your PC's drives (disks, partitions, volumes, or virtual hard disks). 
Before you can use DiskPart commands, you must first list, and then select an object to give it focus. 
When an object has focus, any DiskPart commands that you type will act on that object.

Netdiag

If you have a problem connecting to a network resource and you only receive a “Network path not found” 
error message you can type the following at a command prompt:

Microsoft Windows Time Service

From: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1374.event-id-129-microsoft-windows-time-service.aspx

Address discoverability issues
The Windows Time service cannot discover the configured time source peer. Ensure that the time source 
peer is online and available. There should be other events in Event Viewer that indicate that there is 
a problem locating a domain controller. Review those event messages and resolve them as appropriate. 
When you have resolved them, resynchronize the local Windows Time service with the time source peer. 
Perform the following procedure on the computer that is logging the event to be resolved.

To perform this procedure, you must have membership in Administrators, or you must have been delegated 
the appropriate authority.

To resynchronize the client with the time source peer:

Open a command prompt as an administrator. To open a command prompt as an administrator, click Start. 
In Start Search, type Command Prompt. At the top of the Start menu, right-click Command Prompt, and 
then click Run as administrator. If the User Account Control dialog box appears, confirm that the 
action it displays is what you want, and then click Continue.
At the command prompt, type w32tm /resync, and then press ENTER. The command output indicates 
whether the synchronization was successful.