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iCloud: Mail server information

http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4864?viewlocale=en_US

IMAP (Incoming Mail Server) information:

  Server name: imap.mail.me.com
  SSL Required: Yes
  Port: 993
  Username: example@me.com (use your @me.com address from your iCloud account)
  Password: Your iCloud password

SMTP (outgoing mail server) information:

  Server name: smtp.mail.me.com
  SSL Required: Yes
  Port: 587
  SMTP Authentication Required: Yes
  Username: example@me.com (use your @me.com address from your iCloud account)
  Password: Your iCloud password

iCloud Not Syncing with Outlook

Location and backup of addins

From: http://www.howto-outlook.com/faq/backupaddin.htm

Make sure the Outlook Backup Add-in is listed and selected as an active add-in:
Outlook 2003 and previous 
Tools-> Options…-> tab Other-> button Advanced Options…-> button COM Add-Ins
Outlook 2007 
Tools-> Trust Center…-> Add-ins
Outlook 2010 
File-> Options-> Add-Ins 
  
If it is not listed, press the Add… or Go-> Add… button and browse to the following location:
32-bit version of Windows 
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\OFFICE##\ADDINS\outbak.dll
64-bit version of Windows 
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\OFFICE##\ADDINS\outbak.dll

Location in registry of addins

From: http://www.msoutlook.info/question/421

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\Outlook\Addins\Microsoft.OutlookBackup.1 
Value name: RequireShutdownNotification 
Value type: REG_DWORD 
Value: 1

iCloud - Outlook synchronization diagnostics

From: http://www.codetwo.com/kb/icloud-outlook-synchronization-diagnostics/

Use Scanpst to repair your Outlook data files as per these guidelines: www.codetwo.com/kb/211 
(NOTE: you may have to perform the repair a couple of times until Scanpst find no errors in your Outlook data files)
IF, DESPITE APPLYING THE ABOVE SOLUTIONS, THE PROBLEM PERSISTS, BEGIN THE BELOW DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE.